This is a vintage Japanese box called Hari Bako that was constructed out of Japanese ash (Tamonoki), Horse chestnuts(Tochinoki) and Paulownia (Kirinoki).
Its age is from the Taisho period (1910's-920's). Present day purposes would include using it as a jewelry box, a keepsake or small collectibles box, a stationary box on a desk or a cosmetics box on a dresser.
12 1/2"W x 8"D x 8 1/4"H