This is an antique Japanese sewing box called Hari Bako that was constructed out of Horse Chestnuts (Tochinoki), Paulownia (Kirinoki) and other woods dated Taisho (1910's-1920's).
It was originally used to store sewing accoutrements, spools of thread, a pin cushion with pins and other tools used by a seamtress or tailor. Present day purposes would include using it as a jewelry box, a keepsake or small collectibles box, a stationary box on a desk or a cosmetics box on a dresser.
12 3/4"W x 7 3/4 "D x 10 1/4"H